See assailen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "assail"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "assail"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "assailzie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "assalir",
"4": "assaillir, assalir"
},
"expansion": "Old French assaillir, assalir",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "assalio",
"4": "assalīre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin assalīre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "assaile",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "assaile + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre; equivalent to assaile + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "assailen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to assailen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assailest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assailedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assaileth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assailen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assaileden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "assailede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "assaileth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "assailynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assailende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yassailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "assaillen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "assaille",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "assaylle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "asailen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "assayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sayll",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saylen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saillen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seællen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "a-sayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "assailen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "assail"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "assaile"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "assailour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "assailynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
83
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
73,
79
]
],
"english": "Forsooth, men of Gath born in the land killed him, for they went down to assail her possessions.",
"ref": "c. 1390, John Wycliffe, transl., edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments, with the Apocryphal Books, in the Earliest English Versions (Wycliffe's Bible), volume II, Oxford UP, published 1850, I. Paralipomenon VII.21, page 334, column 2:",
"text": "Forsothe men of Geth borun in the lond killiden hem, for thei ȝeden doun to assaile her possessiouns.",
"translation": "Forsooth, men of Gath born in the land killed him, for they went down to assail her possessions.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assail or assault; to loot or attack."
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-QcWTg~B3",
"links": [
[
"assail",
"assail"
],
[
"assault",
"assault"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 10 10 9 9 8 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 10 8 10 10 9 9 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To begin or launch an assault or military operation."
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-Fm7cqBAt"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 10 8 10 10 9 9 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To bother, hurt, or injure (used often of malign forces)"
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-Vy62EW25",
"links": [
[
"bother",
"bother"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To affect; to induce towards (used of feelings)"
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-F3OIPuxa"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 10 10 9 9 8 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 10 8 10 10 9 9 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To lure or draw into sin, perfidy, or iniquity."
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-eYlBk-6p"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 5 5 10 7 28 13 5 10 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 9 7 20 13 6 9 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 7 5 43 14 4 7 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 11 4 41 13 3 11 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 5 10 2 51 12 2 8 3 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 10 10 9 9 8 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 10 8 10 10 9 9 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To insult; to launch into a tirade or rant against."
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-jyLeRiyr"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 10 10 9 9 8 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 10 8 10 10 9 9 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To try or undertake (an endeavour or behaviour)"
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-G7Rf2~JU"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 2 0 7 4 83 2 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "enm:Death",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 10 10 9 9 8 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 10 8 10 10 9 9 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 8 14 0 9 11 13 20 0 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "War",
"orig": "enm:War",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become (dead or slumbering)"
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-zIo~ffha",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To become (dead or slumbering)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To have intercourse; to mate (used of animals)."
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-QzPoDfDL",
"links": [
[
"mate",
"mate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To have intercourse; to mate (used of animals)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 10 10 9 9 8 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 10 8 10 10 9 9 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assay; to investigate something."
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-hae8Fnfd",
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To assay; to investigate something."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 8 8 10 10 9 9 8 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Talking",
"orig": "enm:Talking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 10 8 10 10 9 9 8 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Violence",
"orig": "enm:Violence",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To plead; to beseech."
],
"id": "en-assailen-enm-verb-10T6Cpu3",
"links": [
[
"plead",
"plead"
],
[
"beseech",
"beseech"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To plead; to beseech."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈsæi̯lən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsæi̯lən/"
}
],
"word": "assailen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Late Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Middle English verbs",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Death",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Talking",
"enm:Violence",
"enm:War"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "assail"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "assail"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "assailzie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "assalir",
"4": "assaillir, assalir"
},
"expansion": "Old French assaillir, assalir",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "assalio",
"4": "assalīre"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin assalīre",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "assaile",
"3": "-en",
"id2": "infinitival",
"pos2": "infinitival suffix"
},
"expansion": "assaile + -en (infinitival suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old French assaillir, assalir, from Late Latin assalīre; equivalent to assaile + -en (infinitival suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "assailen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to assailen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assailest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assailedest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assaileth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "assailen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assaileden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "assailede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "assaileth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "assailynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assailende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "assailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "yassailed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "assaillen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "assaille",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "assaylle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "asailen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "assaile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "assayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saile",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sayll",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saylen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sailen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saillen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "seællen",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "a-sayle",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "assailen",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "assail"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "assaile"
},
{
"word": "assailour"
},
{
"word": "assailynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
76,
83
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
73,
79
]
],
"english": "Forsooth, men of Gath born in the land killed him, for they went down to assail her possessions.",
"ref": "c. 1390, John Wycliffe, transl., edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Testaments, with the Apocryphal Books, in the Earliest English Versions (Wycliffe's Bible), volume II, Oxford UP, published 1850, I. Paralipomenon VII.21, page 334, column 2:",
"text": "Forsothe men of Geth borun in the lond killiden hem, for thei ȝeden doun to assaile her possessiouns.",
"translation": "Forsooth, men of Gath born in the land killed him, for they went down to assail her possessions.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To assail or assault; to loot or attack."
],
"links": [
[
"assail",
"assail"
],
[
"assault",
"assault"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To begin or launch an assault or military operation."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To bother, hurt, or injure (used often of malign forces)"
],
"links": [
[
"bother",
"bother"
],
[
"hurt",
"hurt"
],
[
"injure",
"injure"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To affect; to induce towards (used of feelings)"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To lure or draw into sin, perfidy, or iniquity."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To insult; to launch into a tirade or rant against."
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To try or undertake (an endeavour or behaviour)"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To become (dead or slumbering)"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To become (dead or slumbering)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To have intercourse; to mate (used of animals)."
],
"links": [
[
"mate",
"mate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To have intercourse; to mate (used of animals)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To assay; to investigate something."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To assay; to investigate something."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To plead; to beseech."
],
"links": [
[
"plead",
"plead"
],
[
"beseech",
"beseech"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To plead; to beseech."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/aˈsæi̯lən/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈsæi̯lən/"
}
],
"word": "assailen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for assailen meaning in Middle English (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.